Ultrafilters and finitely additive measures in forcing theory

We show how ultrafilters and finitely additive measures on the power set of the natural numbers can be used in forcing theory to construct models of ZFC where many classical cardinal characteristics have pairwise different values. Very recent remarkable results, like the consistency of Cichon's maximum (the constellation of Cichon's diagram where all non dependent cardinal characteristics are pairwise different), have been proved using such techniques.